Univariate inductive statistics - binary variable

Binomial test (One sample proportion test)

Proportion test compares an observed single binomial proportion with an expected proportion. The expected proportion (pi) is the probability of success on each trial, for example pi = 0.5 for coming up heads on the toss of a coin.

Examples:
You might want to test the hypothesis that more than 70% of a group of individuals with the common cold recovered immediately after taking ascorbic acid.
Suppose that factory policy is to repair a machine if it produces more than 4% defective items. A sample of 350 yields 19 defective items (19/350 = 5.43%). Should the machine be repaired?